Method of relieving bauschinger effect in oil well drill pipe



July 15, 1958 METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 Stress, IOOO psi IOO J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

20 Sheets-Sheet 1 compression before testing 0.5 per cent total Strain, per cent TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STEEL SPECIMENS PRESTRAINED VARIOUS AMOUNTS IN COMPRESSION BEFORE TESTING Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE July 15, 1958 METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCl-IINGER EFFECT TN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 ISO J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

20 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2.

Compression yield strength-0.2 per cent offset elongulio i L H A WfCompression yield strength-0T5 per cent lolol elongation 'A\\] Tensile yield slrenglh-O5 per cent lolul elongulion\ Tensile yield strength-0.2 per cent offsel elongolion l l I Plusllc Cold Work by Compression per cent TENSION AND COMPRESSION YIELD STRENGTH OF STEEL PLASTICALLY PRESTRAINED VARIOUS AMOUNTS IN COMPRESSION BEFORE TESTING Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE J. W. LODGE July 15, 1958 METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig.3.

F O 5 w d G F O 5 9 As normalized Normalized and prestruined 0.3 per cent in Time 0! iemp -I hour .22 E no Strain, per cenT SHOWS THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SHAPE OF THE TENSILE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR STEEL PRESTRAINED O3 PER CENT IN COMPRESSION J. W. LODGE METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE 20 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 24, 1955 Fig.4.

IOC

a 009 zw 5 mm o F M n O 6%. m 5 Wm r O O u .1: mc 0m n e n m mm T 5 zc M a .22 8 23 m0 F M 0 O3 O NO 9 7 F \J \wm 5 F O 7 F F m 6Q. w m w Qo r d e .w m m 2 m /o n S A O O O 0 O0 9 8 7 6 5 Strain, per ceni SHOWS THE EFFECT- OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SHAPE OF THE TENSILE STRESS STRAIN-CURVE FOR STEEL PRESTRAINED 0.3 PER CENT IN COMPRESSION Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE July 15, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,343,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig.5.

Stress, IOOO psi Bar treated at I050 F was prestrained 2.0 per cent in compression before heat treatment. All others prestrained L5 per cent.

Time at temp -l hour 0.5 per cent total Strain, per cent SHOWS THE EFFECT .OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SHAPE OF THE T'ENSILE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR STEEL PRESTRAINED |.5-2.0 PER CENT IN COMPRESSION Inventor fly/LiiEPH W. LODGE July 15, 1958 Filed March 24, 1955 Yield Strength, IOOO psi J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCI-IINGER EFFECT IN OIL wELL DRILL PIPE 20 Sheets-Sheet 6 Fig.6.

A 400 F-I hour I25OF-l 250 F-I hour worked Tensile yield sIrengIh measured 01 0.5 per cent I010! elongation PIusIic Cold Work by Compression, per cem THE EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENTS ON THE TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH (0.5 PER CENT TOTAL) FOLLOWING VARIOUS AMOUNTS OF PLASTIC PRESTRAIN IN COMPRESSION Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE LM IIM y 5, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 SheetsSheet 7 Fig .7.

X 8 l6 hours as X X e l6 hours 7c x I '7, 0.5 per cenf l6 ho'urs a tw O v o 60 2 0.2 per cent -O O2 per cent offset 5G offset 15- g hours O 045 percent total 40 X 0 02 per cent offset J, X 0.02 per cent offset 30 x g x All heat treatments one hour at temperature x except those noted 16 hours 0 I00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 I000 IIOO I200 Temperature, F

THE EFFECTS OF VARlOUS TEMPERATURES ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STEEL PRESTRAINED ONE PER CENT OR MORE IN COMPRESSION Inventor 6/ JOS'EPH W. LODGE y 5, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 8 Fig.8.

loo 90 v I \D 80 '1 F o o Q e" G U m 40 A-As received from mill 30 l B -Ailer normalizing at I650 F for I hour C-Afler normalizing and preslressing in compression l5 per cenl I 2 I D-Some as C plus healing to IOSOF and immedialely removed from furnace E-Some as D plus holding ol IOSOFIor hour F-Same as D plus holding at IO5OF for hour G-Normolized al I65OFforl hour, reheated l0 I25OF for l hour, 0 and pres lressed in compression L5 per cent before testing 0 DJ 0.2 0.3 0.4 05 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 L0

Strain per cenl MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TUBING RECEIVING VARIOUS THERMAL AND MECHANICAL TREATMENTS BEFORE TESTING IN TENSION Inventor ELM J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE July 15, 1958 9 t e e .w w h r S .w M O F 2 p w 8 B m 0 m m. m m m .m w .m 5 w h d m w w w m w m a h M e w r u flv n M M m 5 II 0 O I h h I 22 mu 5a 0 .II I l u m0 1 F F. F llwplmt T r m .Gm I I I \CQU 3 7 O o l l l y/ 2 I I O Ly 1 "I I l 4 2 h m 0 O O G 0 G 0 O G O 0 a m 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 l M w m oooi m. 1 1 F Strain, per ceni MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE HI Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE J. W. LODGE July 15, 195$v METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE 2O Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed March 24, 1955 Fig .IO.

r u 0 h O 5 8 T 850E I hour Tested in compression As received After heat treatment at 850 F for one hour :22 mu 5Q 0 51min, per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE H2 Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE July 15, 1958 Fi led March 24, 1955 Siress, i000 psi J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE 20 Sheets-Sheet 11 Fig.ll.

IOO

850 F, l hour 90 1:: iSQiiJjpur 7 -Tesied in compression Tesied in tension so I l As received 50 After heoi ireoimeni of 850 F for one hour T: L 20 I: 8

Siruin, per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE H3 Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE July 15, 1958 20 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed March 24, 1955 Fig.l2.

a F I 0 5 8 s m 0 m e a .m m a W h B L m m u .r. m 0 m W m .m clmi m m e 0 .m .m m u m .0 d 5 H m e e 6. 0 T. T v 5 m 22 3 Lon m 0. O- h I 4 I o o 8 \W 3 I k\0 Q00 0 I, U I my 0 m O 0 O C O 0 O 0 0 O 0 0 O 9 B 7 6 5 4 3 2 l v E 009 6 S1ruin,per cent Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE July15,1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 13 85F, I hou 9Q 1 I I Tested in tension 850E I hour I I 30 4- 1'1 4 T ted as m. compression 70 I l] \L so v 8 I A Q 50 l --As received I/ I ---Afler hem treatment at 850 F Il/ for one hour 40 a g: :5 *5 2 I E E 50 8 I IO Strain per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE/H5 Inventor fi/L-i'EPH W. LODGE Jaw- 20 Sheets-Sheet 14 I pression I Tested in clom As received After heat treatment at 850F- for l hour Fig .l4.

B2: mu Ea J. W. LODGE METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCI-IINGER EFFECT IN on. WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 July 15, 1958 Strain, per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLE H6 July 15, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,343,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 15 Fig f 25 70 Fatigue 1/ Fatigue 1: zero i so l a; o 0. I350 ib, Grade E cantilever beam and rotated 26,000 revolutions seamless pipeJoadad as a 2o astress in outer fibers Strain, par cant TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STEEL TUBING WHICH HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE- TYPE LOADING Inventor i7/LriiEPH W. LODGE July 15, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 16 Fig J6.

Fatigue a zero/ ,5 /4 .Fatique a: 3|,5oo /Fatique a I6,50O

3% O D |3.30lb, Grade E seamless pipe, loaded as a oantiIever beam and rotated Strain, per cent COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF STEELTUBING WHICH HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE TYPE LOADING Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE y 1 958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD 0F RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 1'7 Fig .IT.

SQress, I000 psi Strain, per mm MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL. IN NORMALIZED ,CONDITION TESTED ALTERNATELY IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION THROUGH A RANGE OF STRAIN OF APPROXIMATELY 0.5 PER CENT Inventor /l'iiEPH W. LODGE SIress, IOOO psi METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCI-IINGER EFFECT IN on. WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1 955 Sheets-Sheet 18 SIruin, per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN NORMALIZED CONDITION TESTED ALTERNATELY IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION THROUGH A RANGE OF STRAIN OF APPROXIMATELY 0.5 PER CENT Inventor JOSEPH W. LODGE y 5, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 20 Sheets-Sheet 19 Stress, IOOO ps l A//2 so A 0.3 0.2 OLI O 0.] 02 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 LO 1.! L2

Strain, per cem I MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN NORMALIZED CONDITION TESTED ALTERNATELY IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION THROUGH A RANGE OF STRAIN OF APPROXIMATELY LO PER CENT Inventor 'LLW July 15, 1958 J. w. LODGE 2,843,512

METHOD OF RELIEVING BAUSCHINGER EFFECT IN OIL WELL DRILL PIPE Filed March 24, 1955 2O She ets-Sheet 20 Fig .20.

Stress, I000 psi Strain, per cent MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN NORMALIZED CONDITION TESTED ALTERNATELY IN COMPRESSION AND TENSION THROUGH A RANGE OF STRAIN OF APPROXIMATELY LO PER CENT JOSEPH W. LODGE 7/ in o M 

1. A METHOD OF RESTORISNG THE ELASTIC LIMIT AND YIELD STRENGTH OF OIL WELL DRILL PIPE WHICH HAS BEEN REDUCED DUE TO BAUSCHINGER EFFECT CAUSED BY COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN DRILLING OPERATIONS WHICH COMPRISES HEAT TREATING 